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Great imitators | ||
Differential Diagnosis | [Top] [Nav] | |
Infections: syphilis, subacute bacterial endocarditis, Whipple disease, tuberculosis, disseminated mycoses, Lyme disease, brucellosis, | ||
Discussion -- not available online | [Top] [Nav] | |
Erratum in printed version | [Top] [Nav] |
* | Carbon monoxide omitted from index. |
Notes | [Top] [Nav] |
* | In the 1980s, medical computer scientists began compiling huge databases of diseases
and their symptoms and signs. These databases attempted to be complete because the aim was to
build computer programs able to perform diagnosis at or beyond human abilities. Question: According
to these databases, which diseases have the
most different manifestations? Here is one answer, from the QMR database in 1989:
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Update Comments | [Top] [Nav] | |
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Footnotes in Print Edition | [Top] [Nav] |
(01) | Modern Clinical Syphilology. 3rd ed. Stokes JH, et al. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1944: 41. | |
(02) | [This footnote was a comment, not a reference.] | |
(03) | Endocarditis. Sande M, et al. New York: Churchill-Livingstone, 1984: vii. | |
(04) | Whipple's Disease. Dobbins WO. Springfield, IL: Thomas, 1987: vii. Amazon.com | |
(05) | Differential Diagnosis. 3rd ed. Harvey AM, et al. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1979: 638. | |
(06) | Coccidioidomycosis--a great imitator disease [editorial]. Huntington RW Jr. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1986 Mar;110(3):182. Pubmed Similars | |
(07) | Preface [to symposium on Lyme disease]. Benach JL. Ann NY Acad Sci. 1988;539:xiii-xiv. | |
(08a) | The Nature of Brucellosis. Spink WW. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1956: 191. | |
(08b) | Treatment of human brucellosis. Smith CC. Scott Med J 1976 Jul;21(3):132-3. Pubmed Similars | |
(08c) | Human brucellosis. Young EJ. Rev Infect Dis 1983 Sep-Oct;5(5):821-42. Pubmed+Abstract Similars 10 pages of case reports, each with a commentary. | |
(09) | Philip A. Tumulty. Humphries JO. Johns Hopkins Medical Journal. 1975;137:141. | |
(10) | Heart Disease. 3rd ed. Braunwald E, et al. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1988: 1470-1473. Amazon.com | |
(11) | The spectrum of vasculitis: clinical, pathologic, immunologic and therapeutic considerations. Fauci AS, Haynes B, et al. Ann Intern Med 1978 Nov;89(5 Pt 1):660-76. Pubmed+Abstract Similars | |
(12) | Systemic Lupus Erythematosis. Lahita RG, et al. New York: Wiley, 1987: xvii. | |
(13) | [This footnote was a comment, not a reference.] | |
(14a) | Dissecting aneurysm of the aorta: a review of 505 cases. Hirst AE Jr, Johns VJ, Kime SW. Medicine. 1958;37:217-279. | |
(14b) | Ruptured abdominal aneurysms simulating sepsis. Szilagyi DE, et al. Arch Surg. 1965;91:263-275. | |
(15) | Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 30-1986. A 74-year-old man with azotemia, eosinophilia, and peripheral cyanosis and mottling. N Engl J Med 1986 Jul 31;315(5):308-15. Pubmed Similars | |
(16) | Renal cell carcinoma: unusual systemic manifestations. Cronin RE, Kaehny WD, et al. Medicine (Baltimore) 1976 Jul;55(4):291-311. Pubmed+Abstract Similars | |
(17a) | Occurrence and prognosis of extranodal lymphomas. Freeman C, Berg JW, et al. Cancer 1972 Jan;29(1):252-60. Pubmed Similars | |
(17b) | Principles and Practice of Medicine. 22nd ed. Harvey AM, et al. East Norwalk, CT: Appleton & Lange, 1988: vii. | |
(18) | Atypical manifestations of leukaemia. Wintrobe MM, Mitchell DM. Quart J Med. 1940;9:67-91. | |
(19) | Rare Diseases and Lesions. Bean WB. Springfield, IL: Thomas, 1967: 37. | |
(20a) | Subacute carbon monoxide poisoning. Another great imitator. Grace TW, Platt FW. JAMA 1981 Oct 9;246(15):1698-700. Pubmed+Abstract Similars | |
(20b) | Adult inorganic lead intoxication: presentation of 31 new cases and a review of recent advances in the literature. Cullen MR, Robins JM, et al. Medicine (Baltimore) 1983 Jul;62(4):221-47. Pubmed Similars | |
(21) | Rare Diseases and Lesions. Bean WB. Springfield, IL: Thomas, 1967: 147. | |
(22) | Differential Diagnosis. 3rd ed. Harvey AM, et al. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1979: 611-718. | |
(23a) | Handbook of Clinical Neurology. Vinken PJ, Bruyn GW. Amsterdam: North Holland: 1985;47:49-78. | |
(23b) | Chronic subdural haematoma. Luxon LM, Harrison MJ. Q J Med 1979 Jan;48(189):43-53. Pubmed+Abstract Similars The authors cite Aring CD, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 1960;1:129 as source of the appelation "neurological imitator." | |
(23c) | AIDS: the new "great imitator" [editorial]. Sabin TD. J Am Geriatr Soc 1987 May;35(5):467-8. Pubmed Similars | |
(24a) | Seronegative secondary syphilis in a patient infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with Kaposi sarcoma. A diagnostic dilemma [published erratum appears in Ann Intern Med 1987 Dec;107(6):946] [see comments]. Hicks CB, Benson PM, et al. Ann Intern Med 1987 Oct;107(4):492-5. Pubmed+Abstract Similars | |
(24b) | Alteration in the natural history of neurosyphilis by concurrent infection with the human immunodeficiency virus. Johns DR, Tierney M, et al. N Engl J Med 1987 Jun 18;316(25):1569-72. Pubmed+Abstract Similars | |
(24c) | The Management of AIDS Patients. Sotos JG. New Engl J Med. 1987;316:632. | |
(24d) | Spirochetes in Late Seronegative Syphilis, Penicillin Notwithstanding. Smith JL. Springfield, IL: Thomas, 1969: 343pp. |
New References | [Top] [Nav] |
Infective endocarditis | ||
101. | Infective Endocarditis. 2nd ed. Kaye D (ed). New York: Raven, 1992: 512 pp. Amazon.com | |
102. | Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis. Libman E, Friedberg CK. London: Oxford, 1941: 28. | |
Whipple disease | ||
103. | Whipple's disease: clinical, biochemical, and histopathologic features and assessment of treatment in 29 patients. Fleming JL, Wiesner RH, et al. Mayo Clin Proc 1988 Jun;63(6):539-51. Pubmed+Abstract Similars | |
104. | Brief report: diagnosis of Whipple's disease by molecular analysis of peripheral blood. Lowsky R, Archer GL, et al. N Engl J Med 1994 Nov 17;331(20):1343-6. Pubmed Similars | |
Coccidioidomycosis | ||
105. | Coccidioidomycosis. Stevens DA. N Engl J Med 1995 Apr 20;332(16):1077-82. Pubmed Similars | |
106. | Coccidioidomycosis diagnosed from bone marrow smear. Wolfson D, Lee S. JAMA 1991 Aug 7;266(5):707. Pubmed Similars | |
Lyme disease | ||
107. | Should we try malariotherapy for Lyme disease? [letter]. Heimlich HJ. N Engl J Med 1990 Apr 26;322(17):1234-5. Pubmed Similars | |
108. | Borrelia burgdorferi in the nervous system: the new "great imitator". Pachner AR. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1988;539:56-64. Pubmed+Abstract Similars | |
109. | Lyme disease: the latest great imitator. Stechenberg BW. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1988 Jun;7(6):402-9. Pubmed+Abstract Similars | |
Brucellosis | ||
110. | Brucellosis. Madkour MM (ed). Boston: Butterworths, 1989: 278 pp. Amazon.com | |
111. | Person-to-person transmission of Brucella melitensis [see comments]. Ruben B, Band JD, et al. Lancet 1991 Jan 5;337(8732):14-5. Pubmed+Abstract Similars | |
112. | Human brucellosis in Kuwait: a prospective study of 400 cases. Lulu AR, Araj GF, et al. Q J Med 1988 Jan;66(249):39-54. Pubmed+Abstract Similars | |
Atrial myxoma | ||
113. | Left atrial myxoma simulating peripheral vasculitis. Huston KA, Combs JJ Jr, et al. Mayo Clin Proc 1978 Nov;53(11):752-6. Pubmed+Abstract Similars | |
114. | Clinical aspects of left atrial myxoma: report of a case simulating subacute bacterial endocarditis and review of 5 cases treated surgically. Mundth ED, Wheeler EO, et al. Ann Thorac Surg 1968 Mar;5(3):255-61. Pubmed Similars | |
115. | Right atrial myxoma mimicking a rheumatic disorder. Currey HL, Mathews JA, et al. Br Med J 1967 Mar 4;1(539):547-8. Pubmed Similars | |
Systemic lupus erythematosis | ||
116. | A novel antinuclear antibody associated with a lupus-like paraneoplastic syndrome. Freundlich B, Makover D, et al. Ann Intern Med 1988 Aug 15;109(4):295-7. Pubmed+Abstract Similars | |
Mycotic aneurysm | ||
117. | Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 18-1989. A 52-year-old woman with left-lower quadrant abdominal pain, fever, and splenic infarcts [see comments]. N Engl J Med 1989 May 4;320(18):1201-6. Pubmed Similars | |
Atheroemboli | ||
118. | Cholesterol embolism: the great masquerader. Darsee JR. South Med J 1979 Feb;72(2):174-80. Pubmed+Abstract Similars | |
119. | A mimic of vasculitis. Olin JW. Cleve Clin J Med 1992 Jan-Feb;59(1):96-7. Pubmed Similars | |
120. | Multiple cholesterol emboli syndrome. Bowel infarction after retrograde angiography. Hendel RC, Cuenoud HF, et al. Arch Intern Med 1989 Oct;149(10):2371-4. Pubmed+Abstract Similars | |
121. | Clinical problem-solving: one more hypothesis [letter; comment]. Hauben M. N Engl J Med 1993 Dec 9;329(24):1821. Pubmed Similars | |
122. | Cholesterol crystal embolization in the Netherlands [see comments]. Moolenaar W, Lamers CB. Arch Intern Med 1996 Mar 25;156(6):653-7. Pubmed+Abstract Similars | |
Renal cell carcinoma | ||
123. | Renal cell carcinoma: natural history and results of treatment. Patel NP, Lavengood RW. J Urol 1978 Jun;119(6):722-6. Pubmed+Abstract Similars | |
124. | Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercise. Case 38-1989. A 19-year-old man with fever, abdominal pain, anemia, and a left renal mass [see comments]. N Engl J Med 1989 Sep 21;321(12):813-23. Pubmed Similars | |
Extramedullary hematopoiesis | ||
125. | Extramedullary hematopoiesis manifesting as a symptomatic pleural effusion. Bartlett RP, Greipp PR, et al. Mayo Clin Proc 1995 Dec;70(12):1161-4. Pubmed+Abstract Similars | |
Neurological imitators | ||
126. | Sarcoidosis of the nervous system. A clinical approach. Sharma OP, Sharma AM. Arch Intern Med 1991 Jul;151(7):1317-21. Pubmed+Abstract Similars | |
127. | Diseases that mimic multiple sclerosis. Scott TF. Postgrad Med 1991 Jun;89(8):187-91. Pubmed+Abstract Similars | |
128. | Multiple sclerosis: update in diagnosis and review of prognostic factors. Swanson JW. Mayo Clin Proc 1989 May;64(5):577-86. Pubmed+Abstract Similars | |
129. | Subdural hematoma. A retrospective study of the 'great neurologic imitator'. Black DW. Postgrad Med 1985 Jul;78(1):107-11, 114. Pubmed+Abstract Similars | |
Syphilis | ||
130. | This section is hopelessly dated: recent improvements in the therapy of AIDS will no doubt change, yet again, the natural history of syphilitic co-infection. | |
131. | False negative screening tests for syphilis in pregnant women [letter]. Berkowitz KM, Stampf K, et al. N Engl J Med 1990 Jan 25;322(4):270-1. Pubmed Similars | |
132. | Congenital syphilis presenting in infants after the newborn period [see comments]. Dorfman DH, Glaser JH. N Engl J Med 1990 Nov 8;323(19):1299-302. Pubmed+Abstract Similars | |
133. | Effect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on the course of syphilis and on the response to treatment. Musher DM, Hamill RJ, et al. Ann Intern Med 1990 Dec 1;113(11):872-81. Pubmed+Abstract Similars | |
134. | Altered clinical presentation of early syphilis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Hutchinson CM, Hook EW 3rd, et al. Ann Intern Med 1994 Jul 15;121(2):94-100. Pubmed+Abstract Similars | |
135. | "Seronegative" syphilis in AIDS [letter; comment]. Zalka A, Grossman ME, et al. Ann Intern Med 1991 Mar 15;114(6):521-2. Pubmed Similars | |
Others | ||
136. | Pheochromocytoma. DeCourcy JL. Am J Surg. 1953;86:37-44. | |
137. | Depression, the great simulator. Tingle D, et al. Hospital Physician. 1989;25(12):51-54. | |
138. | High altitude illness. Disease with protean manifestations. Houston CS. JAMA 1976 Nov 8;236(19):2193-5. Pubmed Similars | |
139. | Polyarthritis in Behçet's multiple symptom complex. Strachan RW, Wigzell FW. Ann Rheum Dis. 1963;22:26-35. | |
140. | Achilles in Vietnam: Combat Trauma and the Undoing of Character. Shay J. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994: 169. Amazon.com |
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©1986-2000 John Sotos, MD. All rights reserved. Last updated 16:34 PDT on July 4, 2000. | [Top] |